Navigating space effectively is crucial for survival. Our species evolved a sophisticated spatial cognitive system for this purpose. In humans, systems of language and space emerged in tandem.

Pre-existing knowledge, a ‘schema’, facilitates the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of schema-relevant information. Such schema-based memory is key to every form of education and provides ...

How easy is it to make a memory? We've previously discussed how episodic memories form in the hippocampus, and gradually get translated into long-term memory in the cortex. Research that will appear ...

The Pen Green team defines a schema as a pattern of repeatable behaviour into which a child's experiences are assimilated and are gradually co-ordinated. Co-ordinations lead to higher level and more ...

Schemas are broad themes or frameworks through which a person understands their relationships, self, or the world. Schema therapy aims to address maladaptive schemas, which can contribute to mental ...